What approach does the "zone of danger" doctrine represent in the context of bystander liability?

The "zone of danger" doctrine is indeed a minority approach to bystander liability cases. This doctrine allows bystanders to recover for emotional distress if they are in the zone of danger of physical harm and experience a related emotional trauma. Specifically, it applies when the bystander is in close proximity to the scene of a traumatic event, and the threat of physical harm to themselves gives rise to emotional distress over the injury to another.

While some jurisdictions have adopted this doctrine, it is not universally recognized across all jurisdictions. Many courts employ different standards for bystander liability, such as requiring a close relationship to the injured party or demonstrating that the emotional harm was severe. Therefore, identifying the "zone of danger" doctrine as a minority approach accurately reflects its application within the broader legal context of bystander liability.