What is required for the identification of evidence that can later be used for impeachment?

For evidence to be admissible for impeachment purposes, it must first be adequately identified. One effective way to accomplish this is through prior identification by a witness, which establishes a clear link between the evidence and the witness’s recollection or context. This process involves a witness acknowledging the prior statement or evidence, which can demonstrate its relevance and reliability in contrasting with the witness's current testimony.

Prior identification serves to affirm the authenticity of the evidence, making it more likely to be accepted by the court during the impeachment process. For example, if a witness previously made a statement that contradicts their current testimony, their acknowledgment of that previous statement supports the argument that the current testimony may not be credible.

In contrast, subsequent testimony by an expert, written records of prior statements, or witness declarations, while they may have their own value, do not directly facilitate the foundational requirement for impeachment through witness identification. Thus, prior identification by a witness is crucial for properly preparing and utilizing evidence during the impeachment of a witness's credibility.