What is the constitutional concern regarding Congress's statute requiring the President to withdraw troops after 60 days?

The constitutional concern surrounding the statute requiring the President to withdraw troops after 60 days primarily relates to separation of powers. This principle is fundamental to the structure of the U.S. government, ensuring that the executive, legislative, and judicial branches operate with distinct authority and responsibilities.

This statute could be seen as infringing upon the President’s role as Commander in Chief, which is a power explicitly granted by the Constitution. By mandating a withdrawal within a specific timeframe, Congress may be overstepping its authority and encroaching upon the President's ability to effectively manage military operations and respond to international threats. Such action suggests a direct interference with the President’s discretion and ability to carry out his duties related to national defense, thus undermining the intended balance of power between Congress and the executive branch.

The other options focus on issues that are not as directly relevant to the separation of powers. For example, the President’s power to enforce laws is not necessarily threatened by this specific statute, as enforcement is still within the Executive's purview but is subject to this new requirement. International treaties are a different matter that generally does not connect directly to domestic lawmaking like this statute. As for state powers, the situation does not implicate state authority in a direct manner